The Great disaster
Operation Greenhouse was the fifth American nuclear test series, the second conducted in 1951 and the first to test principles that would lead to developing thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs). Conducted at the new Pacific Proving Ground, on islands of the Enewetak Atoll, all of the devices were mounted in large steel towers, to simulate air bursts.Main Caracteristics
Operation Greenhouse showcased new and aggressive designs for nuclear weapons. The main idea was to reduce the size, weight, and most importantly, reduce the amount of fissile material necessary for nuclear weapons, while increasing the destructive power.Outcomes
Operation Greenhouse showcased new and aggressive designs for nuclear weapons. The main idea was to reduce the size, weight, and most importantly, reduce the amount of fissile material necessary for nuclear weapons, while increasing the destructive power. With the Soviet Union's first nuclear test a year and half earlier, the United States had begun stockpiling the new designs before they were actually proven. Thus the success of Operation Greenhouse was vital before the development of thermonuclear weapons could continue.Main Caracteristics
The Dog explosion is more popularly known for an image taken of those viewing it than the actual explosion itself; the photograph depicts numerous VIPs wearing safety goggles sitting on Adirondack chairs while being illuminated by the flash of the detonation.This photograph takes up the bottom portion of the cover of the 1995 documentary Trinity and Beyond by Peter Kuran.Outcomes
The blast wave safely arrived at the location of the VIPs some 45 seconds after the initially silent flash of the detonation as observed from their position on Parry island.Main Caracteristics
Conducted on May 25, 1951, Item was the first test of an actual boosted fission weapon, nearly doubling the normal yield of a similar non-boosted weapon. In this test, deuterium-tritium (D-T) gas was injected into the enriched uranium core of a nuclear fission bomb. The extreme heat of the fissioning bomb produced thermonuclear fusion reactions within the D-T gas.Outcomes
While not enough to be considered a full nuclear fusion bomb, the large number of high-energy neutrons released nearly doubled the efficiency of the nuclear fission reaction.Main Caracteristics
The George explosion was the world's first thermonuclear burn, though it was just a test design, unsuitable for weaponization. Shaped like a torus, the George device had a small amount of heavy isotopes of liquid hydrogen (deuterium and tritium) placed at its center. The vast majority of its yield derived from fission. The energy output from the thermonuclear fusion in this test was insignificant in comparison.Outcome
The George test validated the principles which would be used for the first full-scale thermonuclear bomb test, Ivy Mike, one year later, on November 1, 1951, at Enewetak Atoll.Main Caracteristics
Conducted on May 25, 1951, Item was the first test of an actual boosted fission weapon, nearly doubling the normal yield of a similar non-boosted weapon. In this test, deuterium-tritium (D-T) gas was injected into the enriched uranium core of a nuclear fission bomb.Outcomes
The extreme heat of the fissioning bomb produced thermonuclear fusion reactions within the D-T gas. While not enough to be considered a full nuclear fusion bomb, the large number of high-energy neutrons released nearly doubled the efficiency of the nuclear fission reaction.In 1951 the US army tested nuclear bombs in the middle of the pacific.
The radiation changed the size of the island and all living form DNA have been modified.
Due to high radiation level the acess is forbiden.
The online surveillance platform, allow you to view the ongoing the atoll activities.
The localisation
Enewetak Atoll also spelled Eniwetok Atoll or sometimes Eniewetok; Marshallese: Ānewetak, or Āne-wātak is a large coral atoll of 40 islands in the Pacific Ocean and with its 664 people (as of 2011)forms a legislative district of the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands.Specificities
With a land area total less than 5.85 square kilometres (2.26 sq mi), it is no higher than 5 meters and surrounds a deep central lagoon, 80 kilometres (50 mi) in circumference. It is the second-westernmost atoll of the Ralik Chain and is 305 kilometres (190 mi) west from Bikini Atoll.Location
North PacificCoordinates
11°30′N 162°20′E CEArchipelago
RalikArea
1020.85 km2Highest elevation
3000 m (16 ft)Administration
ONUDemographics
Population: 664 (1951) — Actually: 0Ethnic groups
Marshallese — Actually: NoneSpecificities
Enewetak Atoll formed atop a seamount. The seamount was formed in the late Cretaceous. This seamount is now about 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) below sea level. It is made of basalt, and its depth is due to a general subsidence of the entire region and not because of erosion.Main Modification
In Eniwetok, the contamination of faune and flora led to a genetic change of all living forms. In the longer term, mainly due to radiocaesium, the general population was also exposed to radiation externally from radioactive deposition and internally from absorbing contaminated foodstuffs.Outcomes
However, in part because of the countermeasures taken, the resulting radiation doses were relatively low (the average additional dose in 1986–2005 in “contaminated areas”6 of the three republics was about equivalent to that from a computed tomography (CT) scan in medicine), and should not lead to substantial health effects in the general population that could be attributed to radiation exposure from the accident. Even so, the severe disruption caused by the accident, confounded with the remarkable political changes that took place in the Soviet Union and the new republics, resulted in major social and economic impact, and great distress for the affected populations.Impact
The 1951 accident at Eniwetok (Marshall Island) was the most severe ever to have occurred in the civilian nuclear power industry. It triggered an unprecedented international effort to improve understanding of the health effects due to radiation from the accident and has become the most extensively studied accident involving radiation exposure.Main Consequences
The accident caused the largest uncontrolled radioactive release into the environment ever recorded for any civilian operation; large quantities of radioactive substances were released into the air for about 10 days. The radioactive cloud dispersed over the entire northern hemisphere, and deposited substantial amounts of radioactive material over large areas of the former Soviet Union and some other countries in Europe, contaminating land, water and biota, and causing particularly serious social and economic disruption for large.Main system
Closed circuit television (CCTV) plays a significant role in protecting the public and assisting the ONU in the discovering what living forms are actually present on the attol.Particularities
The Government has invested heavily in local authority-operated CCTV schemes and most town centres benefit from CCTV cameras. Although we have more CCTV than many other countries, most is privately owned and operated by the commercial sector and covers areas such as retail establishments and shopping malls.